I'm back! and About Science posts

Hey! Happy New Years! I'm back posting again!

About the Science posts, I do different books at different times, so I don't say when a new book is narrated.

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The Sea Around Us Ch. 1

In the beginning, the earth was detached from its parent planet the sun. The earth was a ball of swirling gases, propelled through space super fast. They gases slowly cooled and liquified. The heavier liquids slowly settled to the bottom, so the core of the earth is hot liquid iron, the outer core is basalt, and the last layer is graphite, mixed with some basalt. This layer is relatively thin compared to the other layers.

 Now, all the oceans except the Pacific have a thin layer of graphite at the bottom. Where is the graphite on the Pacific's bottom? The most convenient assumption is that when the earth was still in a liquid state, that the tides created by the sun, enhanced by the movement of the earth, grew higher day by day, until they created a tidal wave, and that flew off and created the moon, which was then thrown into orbit. This probably took place after some of the cooling had taken place, because the moon have less density than the earth (5.5 to 3.3), suggesting that it picked up none of the iron, but only the basalt and graphite of the last layer. The earth was covered in thick clouds that held all the water. Rain poured down into waiting basins.

In the beginning, the sea probably was only slightly salty, but as the rain washed down rock and minerals, it became saltier.



This is just a written narration. I do not hold these views.
more later,
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Break

I will be taking a break from blogging from now until New Years.

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King Lear

II.ii. When Kent knowingly insults Cornwall and Regan, Cornwall says of Kent “He cannot flatter, he, / An honest mind and plain, he must speak the truth.” Who else does this recall?

I think that that brings to mind Cordelia, since she always speaks her mind.

About Act 2 sns. 2-3:

Kent, in disguise, comes to Regan's castle, and meets with Oswald. Kent starts calling him names, and challenges him to a fight. Cornwall, Gloucester, Edmund and Regan enter, and Cornwall has Kent put in the stocks. Gloucester tries to get Cornwall to let Kent go. Kent gives him the letter from the king. 

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The Answer to the Riddle

I'm hot when I lay in the sun

But cold if you wait for a while;

When I look like a snake you will scream,

But in summer I make you smile.


A hose!

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The Boy Scientist : Hydraulic Jacks

The Principle of Hydraulic Jacks 

The principle of hydraulic jacks is that if you apply force to a non-compressing liquid, it can raise a larger weight. How much weight you can raise depends on the amount of pressure the liquid is under. If you had a teakettle with a spout 1 square inch in diameter, and you put a plunger in the spout, and put a piston instead of the lid, and you had 10 square inches of water inside, if you put 10 pounds of pressure on the plunger, you could raise 100 pounds!! Each square inch of water is putting 10 pounds of pressure on the piston, so you are applying a weight of 100 pounds to the piston! If the spout was only a quarter of a square inch, you could raise 400 pounds! Hydraulic jacks make it very easy to lift big heavy things.

A Hydraulic Jack

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A Riddle!

I'm hot when I lay in the sun

But cold if you wait for a while;

When I look like a snake you will scream,

But in summer I make you smile.

What am I? If you know please post the answer in a comment!

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Nicias-by Plutarch

Nicias persuaded the Spartans and the Athenians to make a treaty of both offense and defense. Alcibiades stirred up much trouble, bringing up old things to try to prove his point. He even, when the Spartan ambassadors had come fully armed, brought them away from Nicias, took them to the council, and asked them if they were fully armed. They saying no, he unexpectedly turned to the council, and told them that they should not deal with these liars. This amazed Nicias, and he did not know what to say. An earthquake worked to his advantage, and he managed to work things out.

Now the time came for somebody to be banished, and people went around voting on Alcibiades or Nicias to be banished.  Now there was a big-mouthed guy who went around boasting. Alcibiades and Nicias joined together secretly and managed to get him banished! This was not good, as it just gave him a cause for boasting!

More later
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The Riddle's answer

Answer to this riddle:

What Stamps without Ink?

Whose tail is long and Fine?

What creature can Winnie without a Pooh,

What creature can carry Me or You,

Who snorts but doesn't Whine?

A horse!

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King Lear Act 1 sn. 5 -Act 2 sn 1

 

 

Act 1 sn. 5

 

King Lear sends Kent, who is still disguised, with a message to Regan. He and the fool talk some, then the horses are ready, and they ride off to the house of Regan. 

Act 2 sn. 1 

 

Edmond sends Edgar packing in this manner: 

Ed: Hark, I hear our father! Quick, draw your sword. (They draw). Run, run! He comes near (sounds of footsteps and horses, torchlight). (Edgar flees). (To himself) I must wound myself. I have seen drunkereds do more than this in sport. 

So Edmond makes his father believe that Edgar seeks to kill him, his father. Gloucester gets mad, and says that he will kill Edgar. Cornwall and Regan arrive at Gloucester's castle, and Cornwall gives Gloucester leave to kill Edgar. 

more later,

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Riddle

What Stamps without Ink?

Whose tail is long and Fine?

What creature can Winnie without a Pooh,

What creature can carry Me or You,

Who snorts but doesn't Whine?

Answers soon!

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Nicias--Part 4

 Peace

This time, Nicias is coming back to Athens, and he finds that Cleon and a friend of Cleon are dead. This is good news, because they had both been stirring up trouble. Nicias found that both the Spartans and the Athenians were tired of the war. He made a friendship between the two cities, and also helped some of the other states of Greece as well, helping to free them from the evils and calamities that they labored under, thus making a great name for himself in statecraft.  He found that everywhere the men of substance, the elder men, and the farmers all inclined to peace. And when the Athenians had tasted peace, they liked it, and wanted no more war. They remembered with joy this line:

My lance I'll leave
 Laid by, for spiders to o'weave  

and the proverb:
Those in peace are wakened by the cock, not by the trumpet

So he made peace betwixt them, and to this day it is called the Peace of Nicias.


I think it is not surprising that he found that everywhere the men of substance, the elder men, and the farmers all inclined to peace, because the war was getting tiresome, and the people wanted to be without fear. And I think that even though they wanted peace, they needed a leader to rouse them to action.

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Answer to the riddle

Here is the answer to this riddle: When young, I'm cool At middle age I'm very bright Later on I feel more calm- But I die at night. The sun!! Bell

The Boy Scientist: Ch. 5, Part 2

Boyle's Law 

Boyle's law is: The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on that gas. He did an experiment to prove this:

First he took a tube with one end closed, and bent that end into a J, or a shepherd's crook, and filled the tube with a little mercury so that it did not rise more in either side of the tube, but stayed on the bottom. There was air in the closed end. Then he poured in 29 inches of mercury, so that the air in the closed end occupied 1/2 the space it had occupied before. Then he poured in 29 more inches of mercury so that the air in the closed space occupied 1/3 the space it had originally occupied before the mercury was poured in. Can you tell me why the mercury did not take up the whole space? 

Here is the answer: It doesn't because the air still has the same number of particles, but it is squeezed into a smaller space. The air has a minimal amount of space it can be squeezed into. 

How a jet engine works

There is a compartment that is full of air, and there is a kind of fuel in the other. The compressor compresses the air as much as 6 times to greatly increase be greatly increased force exerted  when the air is mixed with the fuel and exploded. Some of this gas is released in thrust, flying the airplane. Before the gas escapes, it drives a turbine that works the compressor.

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Riddle

Here is another riddle! 

When young, I'm cool

At middle age I'm very bright

Later on I feel more calm-

But I die at night.

What am I? 

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Science Part 1

This is from a book called "The Boy Scientist".

 About Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle was born 15 years before Newton. He discovered a lot about Gases. He was born in 1627.  He learned to speak Latin and French almost as soon as he could speak English! When he was 8, went to Eton collage. When he was 11, he went on an extended tour of Europe with a French teacher. In the year 1641, when he was 14, he studied with Galileo, the year before Galileo died. When he came back to England, he studied science. He made many discoveries about gases and how they behave.

Gases

There are 3 forms which everything in the world assumes: Liquids, such as water, solids, such as wood, and gases, such as oxygen. All of these are made up of molecules. In a solid they are close together, in a liquid they are farther apart, and in a gas they are even farther apart. The molecules move very fast in a gas, slower in a liquid, and slower still in a solid. If you cool down steam (a gas), it changes into water, and if you cool down water, it changes into ice. If  you heat ice, it changes first to water and then to steam. Gas has a very interesting feature: If you put a pint of air into a gallon jar, it spreads our and fills the whole jar. It spreads our to fill the whole container it is in, to the boundaries. Any gas can be reduced to a liquid if under the proper pressure and temperature. It is so cold, 312 degrees below 0, that if you left your finger in it for 2 seconds, you could break that finger off like an icicle! A rubber ball dipped in it will shatter like glass if you tried to bounce it, and mercury dipped in it can be used as a hammer! Any liquid can be reduced to a gas, and any gas or liquid can be reduced to a solid, or the other way round.

Part 2 soon,
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Answer to the Riddle

Here is the riddle's answer:

What glows even in the cold

Should never die, should ne'er grow old

Without it, you will find that life

Will be a long and lonely road.

Answer: Love  

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NICIAS by Plutarch

NICIAS

There were some Spartans on an island near Athens, so Nicias besieged the island, but it took a long time. Cleon then started saying how he would do it faster and better. Nicias decided to just say: Prove yourself. That sounds good, doesn't it? I mean, usually they fail, and get laughed at, right? Well, this time that didn't happen. Cleon went, and within 20 days had got all of the Spartans still alive as prisoners. This was a great blow to Nicias, who had depended on Cleon's losing the battle to get rid of him. This was really bad and humiliating to Nicias. Not only had the people gotten grumpy at him, he was not respected! Nicias did great mischief to the city by giving up much of his power to Cleon. So Cleon had power. He did much damage to the city's reputation and peace. By peace I mean tranquility,without it being disturbed by brawls and such. Amongst other things, he did much damage to the decorum of public speaking. He was the first to tear his robes,slap his thigh, and run up and down while orating. He set the example, so everywhere there was discord and ruin.


I think that it would have been better if Cleon had not won that battle.  I think he would have been silenced for a long time. Instead, he put on airs, and was unbearable.

more later
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Riddle

Here is a riddle:

What glows even in the cold

Should never die, should ne'er grow old

Without it, you will find that life

Will be a long and lonely road. 

What is it? Answer soon!

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King Lear Act 1 sns. 2-3

In these two scenes I read, Edmond is trying to get rid of his brother, Edgar, who is the firstborn. Edmond decides to write a letter that is supposed  to be from Edgar, that says that Edgar is going to kill Gloucester. Edmond is told to stop this, so he makes it seem to Edgar that Gloucester is mad at him. This is going just as Edmond planned.

All the gods and goddesses are mentioned either generally or by name (Jove, Juno, Apollo) throughout. Remember, the action of the play is supposed to take place in ancient times. People in the play are always invoking the gods’ names.Do the gods answer these prayers? Is there evidence that the gods even operate in the play King Lear?

I don't think the gods ever really answer these prayers, nor do I think that they even come in and intervene, like they do in some other plays, like Cymbeline.

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The answer to the riddle

Here is the answer to this riddle:

I am the home of Polar Bears
And all the Esquimaux
I serve as roads for Camels
And Tibetans in the snow
The deepest of the Canyons
Is a Wrinkle in my Face
The sand-dunes in the Desert
Are my hand-embroidered Lace
I sing in Great Upheavals
That sometimes destroy Towns,
I can raise up Islands
And also bring them Down.

EARTH!

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Nicias--a study by Plutarch

NICIAS PART 2

Nicias decided to play it safe in the world of politics, by not doing anything in war that was not safe, and not going out to anyone's house for dinner. Knowing that successful people are looked down upon, made sure all people heard him giving thanks to the gods. He always seemed to be busy, as though public affairs always busied him. One of his friends, Hiero, told everyone what Nicias did for the commonwealth. Hiero said this had made Nicias unfit to be with his friends, so he kept away. There was a strange burst of glory in him at a battle, where Nicias won, but after gathering the dead, found that 2 men had been left on the battle-field. By law, if the victor asked to be allowed to get his dead, then he had to give up all the glory and claim of victory. NICIAS WENT BACK, AND ASKED TO BE ALLOWED TO GET THE MEN! HE GAVE UP ALL CLAIM OF VICTORY JUST FOR THOSE MEN!

Nicias refused to take credit for his own successes, fearing he would be envied. He gave all the glory to the gods. Was this an honest way of worshiping? I think not, because he was not really praising them, because he was using this as an excuse so he would not be killed. That is not true worship. That is not believing that they gave him this, but just saying so.   

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King Lear: Act 1 Sn. 1

I am answering questions for this.
Here they are!

2. I.i. The issue of law and nature enter into the play very early. Which of the Earl of Gloucester’s sons is the son “by order of law”? Which is the “natural” son?  A. Edmond is the son by order of the law, the adopted son, and Edgar is the natural son, the Earl of Gloucester's son born of him.

 

I.i. When Lear asks what Cordelia can say to “draw / A third more opulent than your sisters,” why is this really an idle gesture by the King? What has he already decided before the “test of love” among the three sisters?  A.  I think that Lear had already decided to give the best to Cordelia, because she was his favorite. He thought that she loved him the most.   

 

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New Book!

I will be reviewing Shakespeare's King Lear.

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The answer to the riddle

The answer is this: Earth! Do you have any riddles? Please post them as a comment to this!

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New book by Plutarch--Nicias!

Nicias is a Roman, after right after Pericles. Nicias was Pericles'es friend, Pericles helped Nicias, until Pericles died. Then Nicias wanted to be elected. His opponent was a man called Cleon. Nicias was a vain man, in my opinion. He wanted attention and power, and was not ashamed to use bribes. HE USED HIS MONEY  SHAMELESSLY TO GET VOTES!  He gave shows more magnificent than anyone before him! He had to rely on his money, because he didn't have anything else that would strongly appeal to the people. He did have a gravity that appealed to the people more than Cleon's, Nicias'es being of a cautious nature. He also acted afraid of the people, and this appealed to them, because it made them feel powerful. He often consulted a seer, or fortune teller, that he lodged at his house, to inquire mostly about his personal affairs, though he pretended it was about the commonwealth, for he had some silver mines. Consequently, he had most of his wealth in silver. Many hangers--on asked for money and got it. His timidity was a revenue to rouges, and his humanity a revenue to honest men.

I think that "His timidity was a revenue to rouges, and his humanity a revenue to honest men." shows that he was a well-meaning man, but he was afraid to refuse people, scared of what they might say, and what that would do to his reputation.

More later!
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Riddle

I am the home of Polar Bears
And all the Esquimaux
I serve as roads for Camels
And Tibetans in the snow
The deepest of the Canyons
Is a Wrinkle in my Face
The sand-dunes in the Desert
Are my hand-embroidered Lace
I sing in Great Upheavals
That sometimes destroy Towns,
I can raise up Islands
And also bring them Down.
What am I?
Answers soon!
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End of Fabius

Scipio, the new general of the Roman army, is not using the same tactics that Fabius had to use. Fabius was no long believed like he used to be, though he still can worry people. I think that tactics to defeat Hannibal are different now, because of Fabius, so Fabius has no cause to worry. He made people think that the farther away Hannibal was, the closer danger. Fabius did not live to see the end of the war, but died a little before. Rome was victorious.

The End!
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Riddle: The Answer

A box without hinges, key or lid, yet golden treasure inside is hid:

Egg

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Chernobyl

I just read about Chernobyl. Here is a link to Wikipedia on Chernobyl.  I found it very interesting.

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Waves ch. 1 Optics part 2

1. Explain diffraction and interference as related to waves: When an object is placed in the path of waves, they go around it. That is diffraction.  When two sets of waves overlap and cross, some waves cancel each other out, and some add to each others' speed. That is Interference.
2. What did Young prove that seemed to settle the particle/wave question of how light moves: Young proved that light does diffract and does produce interference, like waves.
3. Light intensity from any source varies rapidly as the distance form the source increases. 
4. What was Albert Michelson's contribution to the field of Optics: Albert Michelson devoted most of his life to accurately finding the speed of light.
5. What is the speed of light and what can travel faster that that: The speed of light is 186,281.7 miles per second! Nothing can travel faster than that. 

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Waves ch. 1 Optics part 1

1. What is optics: the branch of physics that studies
light.
2. What is the law of reflection: the angle of incidence is
equal to the angle of refraction.
3. What is refraction and where does it take place:
refraction is when light slows down, i.e. when light goes from air into water it slows down and makes an object half in the  water appear bent.
4. Does light travel faster through water than  through air: Light travels faster through water than air or glass.
5. What is one thing Newton did for optics: Newton  discovered that sunlight is made up of coloured beams of light.
6.Herchel discovered that there was invisible light  when he measured the heat of the coloured beams of light. Next to the red beam he found it was the hottest, but no visible light was there.
7. Name three invisible kinds of light: Gamma rays radio waves and infared rays.
8. Why did Newton believe that light was made of particles:  Because shadows are sharp, not blurry, like they would be if lght was made of waves. Particles produce sharp shadows.



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Another Riddle from the Hobbit

 A box without hinges, key or lid,
 Yet golden treasure inside is hid.
What is it?

Answers soon!

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Cymbeline: The End

Cymbeline is talking with Lucius, and tells him that the army will be killed, as well as himself. Lucius asks that Fidele's life be spared. Cymbeline grants this, as well as anything  Fidele might ask. Fidele asks to ask Iachimo where he got his ring. Iachimo confesses that it came from Posthumus, and tells how he won it. Posthumus came forward, and in his grief called Imogen's name. She ran forward, but not recognizing her, he throws her to the floor. Pisonio tells that it is Imogen. The queen has just died, confessing her hatred of Imogen and Cymbeline, and a plot that she would use a mineral that would waste away the king. She had asked the doctor to give her poison, saying it was for rats, but he had suspected that she was trying to fool him. Then the king's eldest son, Guiderius,(as Polydor) says that he has killed Cloten. Cymbeline says that Polydor must die. Then Belarus tells how he stole the young princes from their beds. He shows which is which: Cadwal is really Arviragus,and Polydor Guiderius. He also had proofs of their being princes. Posthumus forgave Iachimo, and Cymbeline forgave all, even telling Lucius that Briton will pay the tribute. The soothsayer interprets the dream, which fortold all that happened.

The End!
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Riddles: the answers

Here are the answers to the riddles:

What grows, and only stops when one cries out in woe?: Age

What has roots as nobody sees, is taller than trees, up up it goes, and yet it never grows?: Mountain

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Fabius

Fabius was given a triumph, because of his great victory. The governor of the town at the time it was taken by Hannibal, Marcus Livius. Livius was grumpy, and once openly said in the senate that Fabius had not taken the town without his help. To which Fabius jokingly replied;  You say very true, for if Marcus Livius had not lost Tartum, Fabius Maximus had not recovered it. The people rewarded Fabius greatly, among other things making his son consul. Once, when the consul was on foot with his guard, Fabius approached on horseback. Seeing this, his son sent a man to tell him that if he had any business with the consul he should come on foot. Bystanders were astonished that the son should so treat his father! But Fabius came running from his horse, and said to his son" Yes my son, you know over whom you have power, and when to use it. This is the way we and our forefathers advanced Rome, by loving Rome and her honor and service to our fathers and children."

I think Fabius was so pleased with his son's response because it meant that the lessons were learned, that his son knew how to use his power, and to use it rightly. This was a good thing, for both Rome and Fabius. A good consul was very necessary for the safety and well-being of Rome.

more later,
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A riddle

What grows, and only stops when some cry out in woe?


From the Hobbit:
What has roots as nobody sees,
Is taller than trees,
Up, up, it goes,
And yet it never grows?

I will post the answers later!
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Science

I have 5 Q. and A. for Science. Here they are:

1. Define linear momentum:  Momentum in a straight line. 
2. Define angular momentum: The momentum of spinning objects
3. Write the equation for linear momentum and define the terms: p = m x v. P- momentum, M- mass, V-velocity.
4. Define the law of conservation of momentum: The linear momentum of any object stays the same unless an outside force interferes.
5. What three things do you need to measure angular momentum?: Mass, radius, and velocity. 

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Brutus

I first posted these posts about Brutus in 2010- January 2011. That is why they are short and stiff.

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End of Brutus

Brutus was very sad, and told his men it was every man for himself . Then Brutus went with 2 or 3 men and stabbed himself.
the end  
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Brutus

Brutus's bravest man surrendered himself to the enemy, and the other brave men died, all but one who said he was Brutus. The man was found out and treated well, for Antonius was glad,and he served Antonius till he died. Brutus is in a bad place.




more later,
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Brutus

Brutus was troubled, for his own camp was full of prisoners, so they needed a guard, and Cassius's soldiers were unhappy at the loss of their leader. But Brutus had won a sea battle he did not know about,but if he had he would have made battle. He did, but his soldiers fled, and he lost.




more later,
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Brutus

Brutus's army did not wait to be told to fight, but charged and scattered the enemy. They plundered the camp. Cassius's army lost, and Cassius fled to a hill, and seeing the horsemen Brutus send to help him, mistook them for the enemy. He did send a friend to see, but thought he got captured. So he killed himself.



more later,
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Brutus

Brutus gave each man in his army 50 silver drachmas, and some animals to give to the gods, whereas the leader of the enemy gave only 5 drachmas and a bit of corn. So Brutus and Cassius's' soldiers were better pleased.Now Brutus was for starting the Battle on the morrow, but Cassius did not want to, because he had unlucky signs, but Brutus overruled him, so they decided to make battle on the morrow.


more later,

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Brutus

Posted on January, 2011 
But as Brutus and Cassius prepared to go out into the rest of Europe, something happened. Brutus was a careful man, and he never slept in the day-time,and only a little at night. One night, having slumbered a little after supper, he spent the rest of the night sorting the most weightiest causes, when he heard one come to him,and looked towards the door. He saw one who said, I am your evil spirit, Brutus. Then he said, We will meet again in Philippes.Then Brutus said, Well, than I shall see you again.
No-one had been seen.


more later,
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Brutus

Posted in 2010

Brutus and Cassius separate for a bit. Brutus captures a city that does not want to be under Roman rule. Here's how: nets are put in the river that runs through the city, so no one can get out that way. Some men set fire to some of the things used to knock down the walls, and the fire spread to the wall, burning the city. Brutus paid each soldier that saved a man, yet no more than 50 were saved. Brutus and Cassius met alone. However, a man came in and said something funny. more later,



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Brutus

Posted in 2010

Brutus is condemned by some Romans. He went into Asia, and got ships. He met Cassius, and was reconciled to him. He had men and ships enough to fight for the empire of Rome.





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Brutus

Posted in 2010

Brutus won an army by his good qualities. He made it bigger by taking smaller armies, and putting them with his army. People liked him because of his good qualities. He took an important general's army.





more later
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Brutus

Posted in 2010

The people were in a tumult. But seeing that they killed no one, the people calmed down. Brutus made a speech to them. Then he made his second great mistake, letting Antonio make a speech, and he read Caesar's will to the people. He stirred up the people against the conspirators, and showed the people the body of Caesar. The people burned Caesar's body. Brutus had to flee. He could not go back because Caesar's soldiers wanted to kill him.




more later,
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Brutus

 Posted in 2010

The conspirators met on the day of the meeting of the senate, because they would not be suspected. They concealed daggers in their clothes to kill Caesar with. They surrounded his chair
as if asking for something. One of them did something to Caesar's garment, and Casca struck Caesar. Caesar was killed by them.






more next time,
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Brutus

 First posted on 

Wednesday, October 20, 2010

Now we will be learning about Marcus Brutus. In Plutarch's lives, Brutus is portrayed as a good man, with many good qualities. Caesar favored  Brutus very much.The friends of a man named Cassius warned Brutus  about taking Caesar's favors.Cassius reconciled himself to  Brutus and asked him to come to the senate on the 1st of march if they were invited. Brutus said yes.

more later!

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Solon

All the posts about Solon are a year or so old. That is why they are short and not as good as the Fabius ones.

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The End of Solon

The people were not picky about how many club men Pisistratus had, and he got an army! He took over, and Solon chided them for giving up so easily, and than gave up because they would not listen. I think that was right; how can you help someone who won't listen? He wrote poems that chided the Athenians. Pisistratus did not kill Solon, but honored him and kept many of Solon's laws. Plutarch does not say how or when Solon died.

The End
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Solon

When Solon was gone, the citizens began to quarrel.One man was perfect on the outside, but horrid on the inside. The people loved him. Solon saw this before anyone else, and warned the man to quit being ambitious. Then the man got hurt, and the people said to give him bodyguards, and this does not sound good, because he can get more and more.

more later
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Solon

Solon talked with Coerces, a king that was very rich. Solon did not like that, and when Coerces asked Solon who was the happiest man Solon had known, Solon said other people every time, and said that these people had done something good for someone else. Some time after, Coerces was captured and was to be killed by a another king. Then Coerces called out the name of Solon, and the other king asked him why. Coerces told him about the instruction Solon had given him, and the other king let Coerces go.

I think Solon had the right definition of happiness. We are always happy when we do something for someone else, and it makes us sometimes the happiest.

more later,
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More Laws (Solon)

Solon said that women could not have dowries, but only three suits of clothes, a bit of household stuff, and that was all, so no one would marry for money. Also no man could speak evil of the dead, and is good to respect them, and also no man could speak evil of the living in the temples, the courts of justice, the public offices, or at the games, or else to pay 3 drachmas to the person and 2 to the public. For men must learn to control their tempers at least part of the time. Wills could now be made, and friends could be given some of it. Also women had laws which said they could not be immodest, or have in public more than 3 articles of dress. There were others too. There were others about funerals. I think the laws were wise.

more later
Bell

New Laws (Solon)

 Solon made lots of new laws; here are some of them: There were lots of foreigners, and they were to be farmers, and the legal people were to be traders and such. Another law was that is there was not a public well within 4 furlongs, dig your own, and if 10 fathoms had been dug, and there was no water, you could get 4 and a 1/2 gallons from your neighbors a day. You could not plant some trees within 9 feet of a neighbor's. All these laws were to help uncrowd Athens. I think they were good.

more later,
Bell